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Longsword

The quintessential two-handed sword of medieval Europe

The longsword is the most widely used two-handed straight sword in 13th-17th century Europe. With a blade of 90-130cm and a 20-30cm grip, it can be wielded one- or two-handed, earning the name "bastard sword." Featuring a straight double-edged blade, cruciform guard, and heavy pommel, it weighs only 1.1-1.8kg — lighter than commonly believed. Systematic techniques were developed in German "Kunst des Fechtens" and Italian Fiore dei Liberi's manuals, including half-swording (gripping the blade) and mordhau (pommel strikes).

Origin

Evolved from Viking-era swords around the 10th century, reaching its peak in the 14th-15th centuries. Johannes Liechtenauer (German) and Fiore dei Liberi (Italian) created systematic fencing manuals that survive to this day.

Features

Straight double-edged blade (90-130cm)
Hand-and-a-half grip length
Cruciform guard and heavy pommel
Total weight only 1.1-1.8kg
Half-swording and mordhau techniques
Point of balance ~10cm from guard — excellent handling

Usage

Primary weapon for knights and soldiers in battle and judicial duels. Against armored opponents, the half-swording technique grips the blade for precise thrusting into armor gaps.