Anubis

Origin

The decisive origin of the Anubis cult is the decisive canon of the Early Dynastic Period of Egypt of c. 3100 BCE — the decisive canon in which Anubis was deified as the 'god of death and burial' inspired by the appearance of jackals roaming Egyptian cemeteries and feeding on corpses. The decisive origin textual canon is the decisive origin canon of the Pyramid Texts of Pharaoh Unas (reigning c. 2375-2345 BCE) of Saqqara of the 5th Dynasty of Egypt of c. 2400-2300 BCE — the decisive canon of the role of safely guiding the soul of the deceased pharaoh to the afterlife. The decisive Book of the Dead canon is the decisive canon of Spell 125 ('Weighing of the Heart') of the Book of the Dead (originally 'pert em hru, Book of Coming Forth by Day') of the New Kingdom of Egypt of c. 1550 BCE — the decisive canon of the 42 negative confessions of 'I have not committed sin'. The decisive art canon is the decisive origin art canon of the Anubis black jackal shrine (Anubis shrine, now in the Egyptian Museum of Cairo) of the tomb (KV62) of Pharaoh Tutankhamun who died c. 1323 BCE, and the decisive canon of the 'Weighing of the Heart' iconography in the papyrus (Book of the Dead, now in the British Museum EA 9901) of Hunefer of the 13th century BCE. The decisive Greek-Roman canon is the decisive canon of Anubis in De Iside et Osiride by the Greek Plutarch of the 1st century CE, and the decisive canon of Anubis in the festival of Isis in Metamorphoses Book 11 by the Roman Apuleius of the 2nd century CE.

Features

• Jackal's head and human body black skin or fur
• Overseer of the mummification ritual — taught humans the mummification technique
• Role of weighing the heart of the deceased — Maat's feather and scale
• Main axis Guide of the Hall of Two Truths
• Aliases — Anpu (Anpu), Imy-ut (Imy-ut, He who is in the bandages), Khenty-amentiu (Khenty-amentiu, Foremost of the Westerners)
• Egyptian priests wore Anubis masks when performing the mummification ritual

Stories

The roaming of jackals in cemeteries in the Early Dynastic Period of Egypt of c. 3100 BCE is the decisive origin, and the decisive textual canon is the Pyramid Texts of Unas of c. 2400-2300 BCE and Spell 125 of the Book of the Dead of c. 1550 BCE. The decisive canon that primarily performs the role of protecting the souls of the dead in mummy-making and funerary rituals, and the decisive canon that Egyptian priests wore Anubis masks when performing the mummification ritual. Over time, gradually absorbed into the Osiris cult, but worshipped for a long period as the guardian deity of mummies and tombs — the decisive canon. The decisive 21st-century video canon is the decisive canon of Anubis in the USA TV series Stargate SG-1 from 1994 and the USA film The Mummy series of 1999-2017 by director Stephen Sommers, and the decisive 21st-century video canon is the decisive 21st-century global video canon of Anubis in the USA Marvel Studios Disney Plus series Moon Knight starring Oscar Isaac from 30 March 2022.

Weakness

Anubis's weaknesses are: (1) absorption into the Osiris cult — the decisive canonical weakness — as a mythological being he has no real weakness, but his influence diminished after the expansion of the Osiris cult, with the decisive canon that from the Middle Kingdom of c. 21st-17th century BCE, when Osiris became the supreme god of the underworld, Anubis was demoted to his subordinate or his son; (2) binding of the jackal — the decisive canon of binding by the jackal's head and the cemetery; (3) binding of mummification — the decisive canon of being bound as overseer of the mummification ritual; (4) binding of Maat — the decisive canon of being bound by Maat (goddess of justice)'s feather and scale; (5) binding of the Hall of the Dead — the decisive canon; (6) binding of the sacred domain — the decisive canon; (7) binding of black color — the decisive canon of binding by black skin or fur; (8) binding of time — the decisive canon of fusion with Hermes after the Hellenistic period of Greece of c. 4th century BCE (Hermanubis). The decisive canonical finale is the decisive mythological canon of being worshipped until the Roman Imperial period as Hermanubis, a fusion god combined with the Greek psychopomp Hermes.

Cultural Significance

Anubis is not merely an underworld god icon but the canonical iconographic figure of the decisive Egyptian-Greek canon, traversing the Egyptian Early Dynastic Period of c. 3100 BCE, the Pyramid Texts of Unas of c. 2400-2300 BCE, Spell 125 of the Book of the Dead of c. 1550 BCE, the Anubis jackal shrine of the tomb (KV62) of Tutankhamun of c. 1323 BCE, the papyrus of Hunefer of the 13th century BCE, De Iside et Osiride of Plutarch of the 1st century CE, Metamorphoses Book 11 of Apuleius of the 2nd century CE, the 1922 Howard Carter excavation of Tutankhamun, the 1999-2017 USA film The Mummy, and the 2022 Marvel Moon Knight. The decisive origin of the Anubis cult settled as the decisive canon of the Early Dynastic Period of Egypt of c. 3100 BCE — the decisive canon in which Anubis was deified as the 'god of death and burial' inspired by the appearance of jackals roaming Egyptian cemeteries and feeding on corpses. The decisive origin textual canon is the decisive origin canon of the Pyramid Texts of Pharaoh Unas (reigning c. 2375-2345 BCE) of Saqqara of the 5th Dynasty of Egypt of c. 2400-2300 BCE, and the decisive Book of the Dead canon is the decisive canon of Spell 125 of the 'Weighing of the Heart' of the Book of the Dead of the New Kingdom of Egypt of c. 1550 BCE — the decisive canon in which Anubis brings the soul of the deceased to the Hall of Two Truths and weighs his heart against the feather of Maat (Ma'at, goddess of justice) on a scale, with the heart going to the eternal Reed Field (Aaru) of peace if lighter than the feather, or being devoured by the monster Ammut (with the head of a lion, the body of a hippo, and the tail of a crocodile) and annihilated forever if heavier. The decisive art canon is the decisive origin art canon of the Anubis black jackal shrine (now in the Egyptian Museum of Cairo, JE 61444) of the tomb (KV62, excavated by Howard Carter on 4 November 1922) of Pharaoh Tutankhamun (c. 1341-1323 BCE) who died c. 1323 BCE, and the decisive canon of the 'Weighing of the Heart' iconography in the papyrus (now in the British Museum EA 9901) of Hunefer (Rameses I era) of the 13th century BCE. The decisive Greek-Roman canon is the decisive canon of Anubis in De Iside et Osiride by the Greek Plutarch (46-120 CE) of the 1st century CE, and the decisive canon of Anubis in the festival of Isis in Metamorphoses Book 11 by the Roman Apuleius (124-170 CE) of the 2nd century CE. The decisive 21st-century video canon is the decisive global video canon of Anubis in the USA Marvel Studios Disney Plus series Moon Knight starring Oscar Isaac, 6 episodes, from 30 March 2022.

In Popular Culture

Egyptian Early Dynastic Period jackal cult (c. 3100 BCE) — decisive origin canonPyramid Texts of Unas Anubis (c. 2400-2300 BCE) — decisive origin textual canonBook of the Dead Spell 125 Weighing of the Heart (c. 1550 BCE) — decisive Book of the Dead canonAnubis black jackal shrine of the tomb (KV62) of Tutankhamun (c. 1323 BCE) — decisive origin art canonPapyrus of Hunefer Weighing of the Heart iconography (13th century BCE) — decisive art canonPlutarch De Iside et Osiride (1st century CE) — decisive Greek canonApuleius Metamorphoses Book 11 (2nd century CE) — decisive Roman canon1922 Howard Carter excavation of Tutankhamun's tomb — decisive 20th-century archaeological canonUSA film The Mummy series 1999-2017 — decisive global video canonMarvel Disney Plus series Moon Knight Anubis 2022 — 21st-century decisive global video canon