Scutum
Curved rectangular shield of the Roman legions
The scutum was the iconic large curved shield of the Roman legionary, standing roughly 100-120cm tall and 60cm wide with a semi-cylindrical shape that wrapped around the body. Constructed from laminated plywood covered in leather with a central iron boss, it was devastatingly effective in the testudo (tortoise) formation where interlocked shields created an impenetrable barrier against missiles. Paired with the short stabbing sword gladius, the scutum formed the tactical foundation of Roman military dominance for centuries across the Mediterranean world.
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Lorica Segmentata
Segmented plate armor of the Roman legions
Lorica Hamata
Roman legionary chainmail armor
Aspis
Round shield of the ancient Greek hoplite
Chainmail
Flexible armor of interlocked metal rings
Scale Armor
Armor made of overlapping metal scales
Brigandine
Armor of small iron plates riveted between fabric layers
Gambeson
Quilted padded defensive garment
Spangenhelm
Framework helmet of crossed metal bands
War Dog Armor
Protective armor for military canines
Morion
Crested open helmet of the Spanish conquistadors
Buckler
Small fist-held round shield for active defense
Kite Shield
Large kite-shaped shield of the Norman knight